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Uitgebreide referentie van internationale normen voor bevestigingsmaterialen in exotische legeringen. Behandelt ASTM, DIN/EN, ISO, NACE MR0175 en ASME-normen die van toepassing zijn op Inconel, Hastelloy, Titanium en Duplex bevestigingsmaterialen.
ASTM International-normen zijn de primaire specificaties voor bevestigingsmaterialen in exotische legeringen in Noord-Amerika en worden wereldwijd breed gerefereerd. ASTM F468 is de belangrijkste norm voor non-ferro bevestigingsmaterialen, inclusief Inconel, Monel, titanium en andere legeringen.
| Norm | Toepassingsgebied |
|---|---|
| ASTM F468 | Nonferrous bolts, hex cap screws, socket head cap screws, and studs for general use. Covers Inconel 625, Monel 400/K-500, titanium, copper, and aluminum alloy fasteners. |
| ASTM F467 | Nonferrous nuts for general use. Companion to F468. |
| ASTM F593 | Stainless steel bolts, hex cap screws, and studs. Covers austenitic (300 series), ferritic, and martensitic grades. |
| ASTM F594 | Stainless steel nuts. Companion to F593. |
| ASTM B446 | Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum-Columbium alloy (Inconel 625) rod and bar. |
| ASTM B564 | Nickel alloy forgings. Covers Inconel 625, 718, Hastelloy C-276, C-22, Monel 400, and others. |
| ASTM B574 | Low-carbon nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy rod. Covers Hastelloy C-276, C-22, and related alloys. |
| ASTM B575 | Low-carbon nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy plate, sheet, and strip. |
| ASTM B637 | Precipitation-hardening nickel alloy bars, forgings, and forging stock. Covers Inconel 718, X-750, Waspaloy. |
| ASTM A193 | Alloy-steel and stainless steel bolting for high-temperature or high-pressure service. |
| ASTM A194 | Carbon, alloy, and stainless steel nuts for high-pressure or high-temperature service. |
| ASTM B348 | Titanium and titanium alloy bars and billets. Covers Grades 1–5, 7, 9, 12. |
| ASTM B381 | Titanium and titanium alloy forgings. |
Europese DIN- en EN-normen regelen de eigenschappen van bevestigingsmaterialen voor de Europese markt. EN ISO 3506 is de primaire reeks voor mechanische eigenschappen van corrosiebestendige bevestigingsmaterialen, met Deel 5 voor nikkellegeringen en Deel 6 voor super duplex kwaliteiten.
| Norm | Toepassingsgebied |
|---|---|
| DIN EN 10269 | Steels and nickel alloys for fasteners with specified elevated and/or low temperature properties. |
| EN ISO 3506-1 | Mechanical properties of corrosion-resistant stainless steel fasteners — Part 1: Bolts, screws and studs. |
| EN ISO 3506-2 | Part 2: Nuts. |
| EN ISO 3506-4 | Part 4: Tapping screws. |
| EN ISO 3506-5 | Part 5: Special fasteners (including nickel alloys) for high-temperature applications. |
| EN ISO 3506-6 | Part 6: Special corrosion-resistant stainless steel fasteners (PREN ≥ 40). Covers super duplex and high-alloy grades. |
| DIN 267-13 | Fastener technical delivery conditions for stainless steel and nickel alloy fasteners. |
ISO-normen bieden internationaal geharmoniseerde specificaties. ISO 3506 (aangenomen als EN ISO 3506) behandelt eigenschappen van roestvast stalen en nikkellegering bevestigingsmaterialen. ISO 15156 (identiek aan NACE MR0175) is de kritische norm voor materiaalselectie bij sour service in olie & gas.
| Norm | Toepassingsgebied |
|---|---|
| ISO 3506 (Parts 1–6) | Mechanical properties of corrosion-resistant stainless steel fasteners. Adopted as European EN ISO 3506. |
| ISO 15156 / NACE MR0175 | Materials for use in H₂S-containing environments in oil and gas production. Three parts covering general principles, carbon steels, and CRAs. |
| ISO 898 | Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel. |
| ISO 2702 | Heat-treated steel tapping screws — mechanical properties. |
NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 is de leidende norm voor materialen in H2S-houdende (zure) olie- en gasomgevingen. De norm behandelt sulfide-spanningsscheurvorming (SSC), spanningscorrosiescheurvorming (SCC), waterstof-geïnduceerde scheurvorming (HIC) en specificeert maximale hardheidslimieten, omgevingslimieten en aanvaardbare metallurgische condities voor corrosiebestendige legeringen waaronder Inconel 625/718, Hastelloy C-276 en duplex/super duplex staalsoorten.
| Norm | Toepassingsgebied |
|---|---|
| NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 Part 1 | General principles for material selection in H₂S environments. |
| NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 Part 2 | Carbon and low-alloy steels — hardness limits (typically 22 HRC max), acceptable heat treatments. |
| NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 Part 3 | Corrosion-resistant alloys (CRAs) including nickel alloys, titanium, and duplex/super duplex steels. Specifies maximum hardness limits and environmental limits. |
ASME-normen regelen de vereisten voor bevestigingsmaterialen in drukvaten en leidingen. ASME SA-193/SA-194 zijn de boutnormen voor hoge-temperatuur en hogedruk-dienst, overgenomen van ASTM A193/A194. ASME BPVC Section II Part D bevat de gezaghebbende toelaatbare spanningswaarden bij temperatuur.
| Norm | Toepassingsgebied |
|---|---|
| ASME SA-193 | ASME adoption of ASTM A193 for pressure vessel bolting. Used in ASME BPVC Section VIII and ASME B31.3. |
| ASME SA-194 | ASME adoption of ASTM A194 for pressure vessel nuts. |
| ASME BPVC Section II Part D | Allowable stresses at elevated temperatures for all alloys including nickel alloys and titanium. |
| ASME BPVC Section VIII | Rules for construction of pressure vessels — specifies fastener requirements for flanged joints. |
| ASME B16.5 | Pipe flanges and flanged fittings — specifies bolt/stud sizes and materials by pressure class. |
| ASME B31.3 | Process piping — specifies bolting material requirements for chemical and petroleum piping systems. |
Wij leveren bevestigingsmaterialen in exotische legeringen met volledige documentatie conform EN 10204 (2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 3.2 certificaten). Neem contact op voor normconforme bevestigingsmaterialen.